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Drawing Organic Structures - Kekulé, Condensed, Bond-Line, Polygon, Lewis | CurlyArrows

Drawing Organic Structures

Why this chapter?

The art of depiction began with our ancestors. Early humans used lines to tally numbers and quantities and drew sketches on cave walls to represent the life around them. That is why we understand what life was like thousands of years ago and how far we have advanced. Therefore, representations are as old as human civilization itself. 

Chemistry only began to take shape around the 1700s. Methods to unify chemistry representation came much later. The need is obvious. Any two persons from different corners of the world must agree on the same structure of a molecule. Otherwise, not only is there confusion, but it can also lead to future complications.

If you think deep, you will notice that every molecule is made of certain basic elements gathered in some whole-number ratios. This is the shortened form that only lists the number of elements without revealing the structure or how the atoms are connected using bonds. Then, there are elaborate structures that provide a more detailed picture of how the atoms are arranged in space, how they are connected, the number of bonds between them, and their corresponding angles. Drawing complete structures consistently is challenging. Sometimes, shortcuts like drawing wedges, dots, rings, and chains are used.

To become accustomed to the new language of chemistry, the chapter on 'Drawing Organic Structures' covers the various methods of representing organic structures, both two-dimensional and three-dimensional. We will cover Kekulé, Condensed, Bond-Line, Polygon, Lewis, Dash, wedge, line, stick model, ball-stick, and more.

  • Introduction

  • Empirical Formula

  • How to Calculate Empirical Formula from percentage composition and atomic masses

  • Related Numerical Problems - Finding Empirical Formula (Solved)

  • Molecular Formula

  • Numerical Problems related to finding molecular formula (Solved)

  • How to calculate molecular formula from empirical formula and molecular masses

  • Hill Nomenclature - The Empirical and Molecular Formula Writing Rules

  • Kekulé

  • Condensed

  • Skeletal or Bond line

  • Polygon formula

  • Lewis Structures- What are Lewis structures and How to Draw

  • Rules to Draw Lewis structures- With Solved Examples

  • Lewis structures- Solved Examples, Neutral molecules, Anions, and Cations

  • Limitation of Lewis structures

  • 3D structure representation- Dash and Wedge line

  • Molecular models for organic structure representation- Stick model, Ball-stick, and Space-filling

Perhaps thousands of years from now, these chemistry representations will offer a glimpse into our past.

Drawing Organic Structures- Introduction
Empirical Formula
How to Calculate Empirical Formula from percentage composition and atomic masses
Related Numerical Problems - Finding Empirical Formula (Solved)
Molecular Formula
How to calculate molecular formula from empirical formula and molecular masses
Numerical Problems related to finding molecular formula - Solved
Hill Nomenclature - The Empirical and Molecular Formula Writing Rules
E/Z Nomenclature - Structure Writing Rules for Substituted Alkenes
Kekulé Structures
Lewis Structures- Introduction
Rules to Draw Lewis Structures- With Solved Examples
Lewis structures- Solved Examples, Neutral molecules, Anions, and Cations
Limitation of Lewis structures
Condensed Structural Formula
Bond Line or Skeletal Formulas
Polygon formula
3D structure representation - Dash and Wedge line formula
Molecular Models for 3D structure representation
Newman Projection – Introduction and Importance
How to Draw Newman Projections from Bond-Line Formula (5 solved examples)
Drawing Newman Projections to the Bond line Formula
Sawhorse Projection