Organic Chemistry Questions and Short Answers

Water at room temperature is liquid in nature due to the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules (H₂O). The close association is hard to break; therefore, water boils at a high temperature of 100^oC. The high temperature breaks the Hydrogen bond links to free individual H₂O molecules.

Several characteristic properties of the metals are due to the nature of the metallic bond. Some unique properties include- 

1. High Melting and Boiling points: 

Among the various types of solids—metallic, ionic, and covalent—the molecular solid stands out for its intermolecular attractive strength.

A molecular solid is composed of distinct, unconnected molecules that are held together by weak van der Waals forces or Hydrogen bonds rather than stronger ionic or covalent bonds. 

There are three types of Van der Waal’s forces: Keesom Forces, Debye forces, and London Dispersion forces.

Pre-Requisite Reading: Nucleophiles, Electrophiles

The molecule H₂N-NH₂, also known as hydrazine, each Nitrogen atom has 3 bond pairs (two N-H and one N-N bonds) and one lone pair. So, the steric number of each Nitrogen atom is,

steric number=number of bond pairs + number of lone pairs

steric number=3 + 1 = 4

The Inductive effect is the outcome of Electronegativity; therefore, they are different and not the same.

Around the early 1800s, scientists began to notice the presence of isomerism in all types of compounds; however, at the time, it was referred to using different names.

The term allotrope was used to describe different varieties of an element that existed in different physical forms, such as diamond or graphite for carbon or monoclinic or rhombic for sulfur. Polymorphism was used to explain compounds that occurred in more than one crystalline form, like aragonite and calcite, both crystalline forms of calcium carbonate.