Organic Chemistry Questions and Short Answers
Is the Inductive effect the same as Electronegativity? (Difference Between)
The Inductive effect is the outcome of Electronegativity; therefore, they are different and not the same.
How do heat and light initiate radical formation reactions?
Free radicals are generated due to the homolytic bond cleavage, a type of bond breaking where each atom holding the two-electron covalent bond gets one electron. Such a homolytic bond cleavage requires an input of energy, either in the form of heat or light.
Which is the weakest van der Waal force?
There are three types of Van der Waal’s force- Keesom Forces, Debye forces, and London Dispersion forces. Amongst the three types, the London Dispersion forces are the weakest interactions.
Are ions a type of atom?
Atom, the omnipresent particle that builds the universe, hides its identity in a tiny, sub-atomic particle- the proton, where the proton number decides the type of the atom. However, an outer-nuclear component- the electrons- determines an atom's reactivity.
In nuclear reactions, the proton number can change so that the atom's identity also changes. However, in organic chemical reactions, only the electron count changes without affecting an atom's identity.
Which molecules show Keesom Forces?
Polar molecules show Keesom forces. Polar molecules have heteroatoms that differ in electronegativity values such that the electronegativity difference between the two atoms in a polar covalent bond is greater than 0.5 but less than 1.7. For example, HF, HCl, R-OH, etc.
Why are larger atoms polarizable? What is their effect on the Debye force?
If the size of a nonpolar atom is greater, it means that the atom has a higher number of electron containing orbitals. The outer electrons are away from experiencing the inward attractive pull of the nucleus (nuclear charge) and capable of undergoing electron-cloud distortion or polarization.
What is a Heterolytic bond cleavage?
A covalent bond holding two atoms is made of two electrons. The bond can cleave or break in two ways - equally (homolytic fission) or unequally (heterolytic fission).
A heterolytic bond cleavage results in unequal bond-breaking where one atom in the bond retains both the bond electrons.
Why is Bi(V) a stronger oxidant/oxidizing agent than Sb (V)?
Bi (V) represents the +5-oxidation state of Bismuth (Bi). It means Bi has lost 5 electrons from its valence shell. Bi, therefore, wants to gain the lost electrons and is called an oxidizing agent. The process of electron uptake is a reduction reaction.
Bi (V) is a stronger oxidizing agent than Sb (V) and, therefore, will pick up the electrons faster than Sb (V). Due to the electron uptake, it will then go from a +5-oxidation state to a +3-oxidation state. Bi is now less by only three electrons due to the two-electron gain.
Differentiating complete structural formulas and condensed structural formulas using examples
Draw complete structural formulas and condensed structural formulas for
a) three compounds of formula C3H8O
b) five compounds of formula C3H6O
The condensed structural formula disguises the molecule's true vastness by revealing only the number of atoms present. What remains hidden from sight are the bond connections, the bond angles, and their three-dimensional arrangements, so what we observe is just the molecule's literal condensed form.