The chapter goes into an in-depth breakdown of popular theories explaining bond formation, covering the Valence Bond Theory, Hybridization, and Geometry & Shape of Molecules in VSEPR theory.
Covalent Bond – Chapter Covers:
- Theories on Covalent Bond Formation
- Valence Bond Theory- Introduction and Covalent Bond Formation
- Valence Bond Theory- Types of Orbital Overlap Forming Covalent Bonds
- Applications, Limitations, and Extensions of Valence Bond Theory
- Hybridization- Introduction and Types
- sp3 Hybridization of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen
- sp2 Hybridization of Carbon, Carbocation, Nitrogen, and Oxygen
- sp Hybridization of Carbon and Nitrogen
- Shortcut to Determine Hybridization
- The shape of sp hybrid orbital - Why is the lobe unequal?
- VSEPR Theory- Introduction
- Difference between Electron Pair Geometry and Molecular Structure
- Finding Electron Pair Geometry and Related Shape
- Predicting Electron-Pair Geometry and Molecular Structure Guideline
- Predicting Electron pair geometry and Molecular structure - Examples
- Finding Electron-Pair Geometry and Shape in Multicentre Molecules
- Drawbacks of VSEPR Theory
- Covalent bond Characteristics- Bond length
- Factors affecting Bond Length
- How does Electron delocalization (Resonance) affect the Bond length?
- Covalent bond Characteristics- Bond Angle
- Factors affecting Bond Angle
- Covalent bond Characteristics- Bond Order
- How Bond Order Corresponds to the Bond Strength and Bond Length
- Solved Examples of Bond Order Calculations
- Covalent Bond Rotation
- Covalent Bond Breakage
- Covalent Bond Properties -Physical State, Melting and Boiling Points, Electrical Conductivity, Solubility, Isomerism, Non-ionic Reactions Rate, Crystal structure