In this chapter, we describe the participants in an organic reaction that covers a reactive agent, a leaving group, and the final product.

We also explain how to use symbols and arrows to depict electron movement and the joining & breaking of bonds.

Most Organic reactions are influenced by electron imbalance. The chapter explains the conducive environment that facilitates these reactions.

Chapter Fundamentals of Organic Reactions Covers-

Types of Arrows Used in Chemistry
Curved Arrows in Organic Chemistry- with Examples
Electrophiles- Introduction, Identification and Reaction
Formation and Classification of Electrophiles- Neutral and Charged
Difference between Electrophiles and Lewis Acids
Nucleophile- Identification and Role in a Reaction
Types of Nucleophiles- Lone Pair
Types of Nucleophiles- Pie Bond
Types of Nucleophiles- Sigma Bond
Periodic Trend and Order in Nucleophilicity
Introduction to Reactions Involving Nucleophiles
Nucleophile Reactions- Aliphatic Displacement type - SN1, SN2
Nucleophile Reactions- Acyl Displacement type
Nucleophile reactions- Aromatic Displacement type- Electrophilic, Nucleophilic
Addition Reactions- Electrophilic, Nucleophilic, and Acyl
Ambident Nucleophiles- Introduction and Formation
Ambident Nucleophile - Nature of the Substrate
Ambident Nucleophile- Influence of the Positive Counter Ions
Ambident Nucleophile- Effect of Solvent
Lone Pair - Introduction and Formation
Physical Properties Affected by the Lone Pair- Shape and Bond Angle
Physical Properties Affected by the Lone Pair- Hydrogen Bonding
Physical Properties Affected by the Lone Pair- Polarity and Dipole Moment
Chemical property affected by the Lone pair- Nucleophilicity
Leaving Group- Introduction and Nature
Good and Bad Leaving Group
Factors Determining Stability of the Leaving Groups- Electronegativity, Size, Resonance Stability
Using pKa as a Measure of Leaving Group Ability
Leaving Groups in Displacement Reactions
Leaving Groups in Elimination Reactions