Organic Chemistry Tutorials

Curly Arrows - the curved and barbed arrows you might have seen in reactions have been the language of organic chemistry for over 100 years.

Fundamentally, the arrows represent the path of the electrons. The way they hop between atoms dictates whether a bond will form or break, causing those miraculous molecular transformations. 

There are five main rules to consider while drawing reaction mechanisms using double-headed curly (or curved) arrows in organic chemistry. They are - 

Everything around us—every breath we take, every object we touch, every star in the night sky—is built from atoms, the invisible building blocks of matter. These microscopic entities, far too small to see with the naked eye, hold the key to understanding the universe at its most fundamental level. Atoms are more than just scientific curiosities; they are the foundation of chemistry, physics, and biology, governing the interactions that form molecules, materials, and life itself. 

Learning Objective: To study how the atomic orbitals of an atom are filled, and how the electronic configuration of an atom is written.

Skill Level – Intermediate

Prerequisites: 

• Electron

• Nucleus of an atom

• Orbitals (s, p, d, f)

Learning Objective: To learn about the different types of orbitals housing electrons in an atom, their visual representation, meaning, and their energy levels.

Skill Level – Intermediate

Prerequisites: 

• Electron

• Nucleus of an atom

Learning Objective: To learn about the nature of the electron, an atom's reactive component. The article also helps to understand why the elctrons behave differently as a sub-atomic particle with its dual wave-particle behaviour, ushering in a new field of quantum mechanics.

Skill Level – Intermediate

Prerequisites: 

• Electron

Learning Objective: To learn about the molecular mass and its calculation from atomic weights. 

Skill Level – Intermediate

Prerequisites: 

• Isotope

• Average atomic mass or atomic weight

Learning Objective: To learn about the atomic mass number using protons and neutrons.

Skill Level – Intermediate

Prerequisites: