Ion Dipole | Ion Induced Dipole |
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Ion-Dipole interactions occur due to the electrostatic attraction between charged ions and the dipoles of the polar molecules. | The charged ions induce temporary dipole formation in otherwise nonpolar molecules to attract electrostatically, causing ion-induced dipole interactions. |
The interaction between ions Na+ and Cl- with their respective oppositely charged dipoles of the polar water molecule is an example of ion-dipole interactions.
| An example is a positively charged Fe2+ ion temporarily distorting the electron arrangement of a nonpolar, neutral O2 molecule to attract electrostatically. The end closer to Fe2+ is richer in electron density and, therefore, a negative terminal. The other end of the O2 molecule becomes the positive terminal.
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The interactions are stronger for a cation than anion. The small-sized and high-charge-containing cations and polar molecules with good dielectric constant show the more significant ion-dipole interactions. | The strength of the interaction depends on the ion's size and charge and on the nonpolar molecule's ability to undergo electron cloud distortion, known as polarizability. |
Ion-dipole interactions involve charged ions, so they are relatively stronger when compared to the interactions arising from the hydrogen bonds and ion-induced dipoles. | Since the charged ions induce polarity in nonpolar molecules, these intermolecular forces are temporary and weaker than the ion-dipole and dipole-dipole interactions. |
