Stability of Carbon Centered Free Radicals
Learning Objective: To study the structural features that contribute to the stability of a carbon-centered free radical in organic chemistry.
Skill Level - Intermediate
Prerequisites:
Organic Chemistry
Differences between the Condensed Structural and the Molecular Formula
| Condensed Formula | Molecular Formula |
|---|---|---|
Definition | The condensed formula is a shorthand representation of a molecule that gives information on the atoms, their number, and how they are connected in a single line.
| The molecular formula represents the total number of atoms in a compound without showing any connection between the atoms.
|
Differences between Atomic Orbitals and Molecular Orbitals
Aspect | Atomic Orbitals (AOs) | Molecular Orbitals (MOs) |
|---|---|---|
Definition | Simple regions around the nucleus of an atom where there’s a high probability of finding an electron and these regions is represented as spheres, or lobes. | A region in a molecule where electrons are likely to be found, formed by the combination of atomic orbitals of two or more atoms. |
Podcast - Which bonding types are frequently encountered in Organic Chemistry? | CurlyArrows
Episode Length
1:52
Episode Number
9
Difference Between Partial, Full and Transient Charges in Organic Chemistry
Full Charges | Partial Charges | Transient Charges |
|---|---|---|
Atoms attain full charges (+ or -) by losing or gaining electrons and forming ions. So, a full charge on an ion is equivalent to the charge of a proton (in case of electron loss) or an electron (in case of electron gain).
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Difference between Addition and Elimination Reactions in Organic Chemistry
| Addition Reaction | Elimination Reaction | |
|---|---|---|
Process | Two molecules combine in an addition reaction to form a single addition product (adduct).
| Elimination reaction involves loss of two groups and formation of a new bond. |
Mechanism | The addition can take place by heterolytic, homolytic, or pericyclic methods. |
What are van der Waals forces with examples?
Van Der Waals forces are weak intermolecular attractive forces that hold closely various atoms and molecules without any physical linkage or bond.
The atoms or molecules participating in van Der Waals interactions are neutral, polar, or /and non-polar ones. Ion interactions are stronger and are classified separately from the weaker van Der Waal interactions.
Nucleophile Reactions - Addition Type
Learning Objective: To study the three types of addition reactions that nucleophiles undergo.
Skill Level - Intermediate
Prerequisites:
What are valence and core electrons? How to determine a valence electron?
Learning Objective: To study about the electrons and judge its reactivity based on its placement around an atom’s orbital. We will also determine how to find the outermost shell electrons from its group number and electronic configurations.
Skill Level – Intermediate
Prerequisites:
Bond Line or Skeletal Formula
What is a Bond-Line or Skeletal Formula?
Carbon and Hydrogen containing bonds are chemically inert; still, they form the backbone of many organic compounds. They provide a skeletal framework that can contain other heteroatoms or functional groups.
Such a carbon-hydrogen-containing chain of compounds together with other atoms or groups of atoms are conveniently represented using zig-zag lines, called the bond-line or skeletal formula.