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Hydrogen Bond Strength, Significance, and Types

Learning Objective: To study the types of hydrogen bonds, hydrogen bond strength, and significance with examples.

Skill Level – Intermediate

 

Prerequisites: 

 

Chapter: Intermolecular Forces

Sub-topic: Hydrogen Bonding

 

Author's Note: The true potential of hydrogen bonding is exploited when the formative elements are placed correctly to interact. For example, cellulose structures held by weak hydrogen bonds in cotton are weaker when compared to the stiff, regular, and repeating arrangement of the hydrogen bonds in nylon, attributing it with superior qualities. The enzyme catalysis relies on the correct orientation of the Hydrogen bonds to interact and react, with a similar principle extending to drug binding, solubility, or other examples of structural integrity like DNA. 

So, this section explains how hydrogen bonding, though weaker than covalent bonding, still finds wide application in our day-to-day lives. We cover the types of hydrogen bonding interactions and show how they lock into positions. They are broadly of two types, which are intermolecular and intramolecular. This knowledge is of utmost importance when dealing with different chemical structures to predict reactivity, physical constants, specificity, and solubility.

Hydrogen Bond Strength, Significance, and Types

Hydrogen Bond is not as strong as a C-H Bond. The strength of the bond represented in Kilo Joules per mole (kJ/mol), can range from 7-165 kJ/mol. 

This is only 1/4th the energy required to break up an equivalent C-H covalent bond. But the interesting part of the bond is the way it criss-crosses structures and generates improved properties. 

For example, the ordered network arrangement that Hydrogen Bond creates in Nylon over cotton makes it extremely resistant to tear, shrinkage, stains, wrinkles, and gives it exceptional durability. 

 

 

Aramid fibres that are used in bulletproof clothing, ....

 

Types of Hydrogen Bonds

If a Hydrogen bonding interaction occurs within the same molecule, it is intramolecular Hydrogen bonding. The H-bonding can result in ...

 

If the interactions are between two different molecules, it....

 

Subscribe to the study with examples of the types of hydrogen bonds, hydrogen bond strength, and significance.

 

 

Intermolecular Forces

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Atom

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Bonding In Atoms

  • Octet Rule - Introduction and Bonding
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Covalent Bond

  • Theories on Covalent Bond Formation
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  • Electron Wave Property, LCAO and MOT - Introduction
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Electronic Displacement in a Covalent Bond

  • Electronegativity- Introduction
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  • Inductive effect - Introduction, Types, Classification, and Representation
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  • Resonance - Introduction and Electron Delocalization
  • Partial Double Bond Character and Resonance Hybrid
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  • p-orbital Electron Delocalization in Resonance
  • Sigma Electron Delocalization (Hyperconjugation)
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  • Structure Drawing Rules of Resonance (Includes Summary)
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  • Introduction to Covalent Bond Polarity and Dipole Moment
  • Molecular Dipole Moment
  • Lone Pair in Molecular Dipole Moment
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  • Formal Charges - Introduction and Basics
  • How to Calculate Formal Charges (With Solved Examples)
  • Difference between Formal charges and Oxidation State

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Common Types of Reactions

  • Classification of common reactions based on mechanisms
  • Addition Reactions
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Drawing Organic Structures

  • Introduction
  • Empirical Formula
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  • Molecular Formula
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Functional Groups in Organic Chemistry

  • What are functional groups?
  • Chemical and Physical Properties affected by the Functional Groups
  • Identifying Functional Groups by name and structure
  • Functional Group Categorization- Exclusively Carbon-containing Functional Groups
  • Functional Group Categorization- Functional Groups with Carbon-Heteroatom Single Bond
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Structural Isomerism

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  • Tautomerism
  • Metamerism
  • Ring-Chain Isomerism

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Intermolecular Forces

  • Ion-Dipole Interactions-Introduction and Occurrence
  • Factors Affecting the Ion-Dipole Strength
  • Importance of Ion-Dipole Interactions
  • Ion-Induced Dipole - Introduction, Strength and Occurrence
  • Factors Affecting the Strength of Ion-Induced Dipole Interactions
  • Ion-Induced Dipole Interactions in Polar Molecules
  • Vander Waals Forces -Introduction
  • Examples of Vander Waals' forces
  • Vander Waals Debye (Polar-Nonpolar) Interactions
  • Factors affecting the Strength of Debye Forces
  • Vander Waals Keesom Force - Introduction, Occurrence and Strength
  • Vander Waals London Force - Introduction, Occurrence, And Importance
  • Factors Affecting the Strength of London Dispersion Forces- Atomic size and Shape
  • Introduction, Occurrence and Donor, Acceptors of Hydrogen Bond
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Physical Properties

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Fundamentals of Organic Reactions

  • Types of Arrows Used in Chemistry
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  • Lone Pair - Introduction and Formation
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Reactive Intermediates

  • Carbocation - Introduction, Nature, and Types
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  • Structure of Carbon-Centred Free Radical
  • Formation of Radicals
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  • Comparing Free Radical Stability using Dissociation energies (D-H)
  • Fate of Free Radicals
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Stereoisomerism - Conformation and Configurational Isomerism

  • Conformations in Organic Chemistry - An Introduction
  • How are Conformational Isomers Depicted
  • Open Chain and Closed Chain Conformations
  • Nomenclature related to sp3-sp3 and sp3-sp2 bond rotations
  • Conformational Analysis
  • Factors affecting the stability of conformers - Stabilizing Interactions |Hyperconjugation
  • Factors affecting the stability of conformers - Stabilizing Interactions | Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding
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  • Conformation in Compounds with Lone Pairs
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  • An Example of Conformation Dependent Reaction and Product Selectivity
  • Geometrical Isomerism - Introduction
  • Impact of cis-trans isomerism on physical properties
  • Impact of cis-trans isomerism on chemical reactions
  • Scope of Geometrical Isomerism in Biological Systems and Industrial Applications
  • E/Z Nomenclature in Substituted Alkenes
     

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