The meta directors are a class of atoms or a group of atoms that, when attached to an aromatic ring, render it with the ability to direct an incoming electrophile to its meta (third or fifth) position in an electrophile aromatic substitution reaction.
Molecular models are tools used for classroom or research to visualize better and interpret three-dimensional structures of organic molecules. The toolkit can be made of wood, plastic, metal, or other materials.
These models are digitally represented using computer graphics covered under molecular modelling, a branch of chemistry that uses computational and theoretical methods to model and mimic the molecule's behaviour in chemical and biological environments.
- As the Crystalline solids are made up of a large number of unit cells extending in all the three dimensions, properties of the unit cell dictate the properties of the crystalline solid.
- Each unit cell has a fixed value for the length of the edges and the angle between the edges.
Learning Objective: To study the three broad types of displacement reactions that nucleophiles undergo.
Prerequisites:
Learning Objective: To compare different molecular structures with their pKa values to understand which structures can easily form and effectively stabilize a carbanion.
Skill Level - Advanced
Prerequisites:
Acidity
Van Der Waals forces are weak intermolecular attractive forces that hold closely various atoms and molecules without any physical linkage or bond.
The atoms or molecules participating in van Der Waals interactions are neutral, polar, or /and non-polar ones. Ion interactions are stronger and are classified separately from the weaker van Der Waal interactions.
The electronic configuration of two elements A and B are -
A- 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
Valence Electrons | Core Electrons |
|---|---|
Valence Electrons are farthest away from the nucleus at the outermost shell. This increase in the distance from the nucleus weakens the attractive nuclear interactions raising its energies. | The core electrons are the those present closer to the nucleus. Their attractive interactions with the nucleus are stronger, which lowers their energy and contributes to stability. |
