Organic Chemistry
Sawhorse Projection
It is a way of visualizing the carbon atoms of an open-chain organic molecule from an oblique angle and projecting that image on a 2-dimensional paper to appear like a carpenter’s sawhorse.
The two adjacent carbons of interest in a chain are drawn as a slant line, and its two groups form the hind and forelegs, with the third forming the head and the tail to resemble a horse from which the name draws an inspiration.
What are Radical inhibitors and their role in a reaction?
A radical reaction usually happens in three steps- Initiation (creation of free radicals), Propagation (multiplication and growth of radical reaction), and Termination (stopping of the free radical reaction).
Radical inhibitors are chemical species that inhibit radical reactions by halting the chain propagation step.
Examples of such inhibitors are Hydroquinone, BHT (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol), etc.
Which side of an unsymmetrical alkene does the reagent attack and why?
Alkenes are double bonds containing molecules. These double bonds are called pie bonds and are made up of two electrons. Due to the presence of the pie electron cloud, alkenes are electron-rich species and interact with electron-deficient species, the electrophiles. The reaction between alkenes and the electrophiles is an addition reaction.
Introduction to the Vander Waals Forces (Chemistry)- With Examples
Learning Objective: To study what Van Der Waal forces are in chemistry and their example.
Skill Level - Intermediate
Prerequisites:
Free Radical- Introduction, Structure, Types
Learning Objective: To study the history, nature, examples, and types of free radicals, a reactive intermediate in organic chemistry.
Skill Level - Intermediate
Prerequisites:
How are functional groups in organic chemistry classified?
Organic compounds predominantly consist of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms, also known as hydrocarbons. However, most organic compounds also contain other heteroatoms like O, N, S, and halogens as the functional group.
Out of the many ways to classify a structure, the functional group classification based on the attached atoms is listed below.
Heteroatomic molecules
When atoms of different types combine to form molecules, it is a heteroatomic molecule. For example, when Carbon (C) and Oxygen (O) atoms combine under an appropriate reaction condition, it can lead to the formation of two types of products (carbon monoxide, CO, and carbon dioxide, CO2) containing two types of atoms.
A heteroatomic molecule can be diatomic (like hydrogen chloride, HCl), triatomic (like water, H2O), or polyatomic (like methane, CH4).
Which molecules show Keesom Forces?
Polar molecules show Keesom forces. Polar molecules have heteroatoms that differ in electronegativity values such that the electronegativity difference between the two atoms in a polar covalent bond is greater than 0.5 but less than 1.7. For example, HF, HCl, R-OH, etc.
Crystalline Versus Amorphous Solids- Anisotropy and Isotropy
Anisotropy and Isotropy
Amorphous solids are said to be isotropic, and crystalline solids are anisotropic for their physical property measurements.
Isotropy comes from the Greek word; iso means same and tropos means direction. The name rightly indicates that for the amorphous solids; the physical property measurements are same in all the directions. The same correlation applies for anisotropy that means no same direction. It means that for the crystalline solids, the physical property measurements are not same in all the directions.