Oxidation is Defined as, the addition of Oxygen or any other electronegative element to a substance.
Example,
2Mg(s) + O2(g) → 2MgO (addition of oxygen)
Mg(s) + Cl2(g) → MgCl2 (addition of electronegative element, chlorine)
Or
As the removal of Hydrogen or any other electropositive element from a substance.
Example,
Learning Objective: To learn about the impact Hydrogen bonding has on the physical properties of melting/boiling points, state, solubility, and reaction rates.
Skill Level – Intermediate
Prerequisites:
Learning Objective: To understand the conformations molecules containing lone pair(s) mostly adopt.
Skill Level - Intermediate
Prerequisites:
Branched alkyl chlorides (20 or 3o) cannot be used as a reagent in FC acylation reaction. The branched alkyl chlorides on forming acylium ion undergo the loss of CO to create a stable alkyl cation. The 20 or 3o alkyl cation reacts with benzene to form alkyl benzene.
Learning Objective: To study the ambident nucleophiles and how and from which end they attack the substrates to undergo chemical reactions.
Skill Level - Intermediate
Prerequisites:
The oxidation number of Phosphorus (P) is the unknown here. Let us consider it as x.
The Oxidation Number of Hydrogen (H) is + 1
Learning Objective: To study about the electrons and judge its reactivity based on its placement around an atom’s orbital. We will also determine how to find the outermost shell electrons from its group number and electronic configurations.
Skill Level – Intermediate
Prerequisites:
Learning Objective: To learn about different factors affecting hydrogen bond strength.
Skill Level – Intermediate
Prerequisites:
If the size of a nonpolar atom is greater, it means that the atom has a higher number of electron containing orbitals. The outer electrons are away from experiencing the inward attractive pull of the nucleus (nuclear charge) and capable of undergoing electron-cloud distortion or polarization.
Electrophiles are electron-deficient species that accept electrons from other electron-rich counterparts, the nucleophiles, to form a two-electron covalent bond.