Organic Chemistry Questions and Short Answers

Question- A and B are two functional isomers of compound C₃H₆O. On heating with NaOH and I₂, Isomer B forms a yellow precipitate of Iodoform whereas Isomer A does not form any precipitate. Write the formulae for A and B.

1) Functional Isomers are compounds that have same molecular formula but different functional groups. 

Atom, the omnipresent particle that builds the universe, hides its identity in a tiny, sub-atomic particle- the proton, where the proton number decides the type of the atom. However, an outer-nuclear component- the electrons- determines an atom's reactivity.

In nuclear reactions, the proton number can change so that the atom's identity also changes. However, in organic chemical reactions, only the electron count changes without affecting an atom's identity. 

The molecule H₂N-NH₂, also known as hydrazine, each Nitrogen atom has 3 bond pairs (two N-H and one N-N bonds) and one lone pair. So, the steric number of each Nitrogen atom is,

steric number=number of bond pairs + number of lone pairs

steric number=3 + 1 = 4

Van der Waals forces are weak intermolecular attractive forces that occur in polar and nonpolar atoms or molecules due to the shift in their electron positions.

The electrons shift to form electron-dense and electron-deficient poles. Some poles are permanent due to the nature of the atom in a molecule, while others are induced poles. 

A carbocation is a reactive intermediate with only 6 valence electrons from the usual 8 electrons for carbon by covalent bonding. This makes the carbon atom bear a positive charge and possess three bonds instead of four.

Van Der Waals forces are weak intermolecular attractive forces that hold closely various atoms and molecules without any physical linkage or bond. 

The atoms or molecules participating in van Der Waals interactions are neutral, polar, or /and non-polar ones. Ion interactions are stronger and are classified separately from the weaker van Der Waal interactions.

Dipole-dipole interactions occur in polar molecules where the difference in electronegativity between the combining atoms creates positive and negative dipoles. These opposite poles align and result in electrostatic attraction throughout the polar medium. So, naturally, the strength of the interaction would depend on the magnitude of the charges and their distance, explained by the Coulombic law. So, the higher the magnitude of the charges and the lesser the distance between them, the stronger the dipole-dipole attractive interaction.

The discovery of isomerism marked the advent of structural chemistry, where it became significantly important to establish structural formulas, welcome the abundance of structurally diverse compounds, classify them, and study their individual properties and impacts.

London dispersion forces are weak intermolecular forces found in all atoms and molecules. However, it is an exclusive force binding the nonpolar molecules due to their lack of functional groups, avoiding competing interactions.

An Organic Compound 'A' molecular formula C₈H₁₆O₂ was hydrolyzed with dilute H₂SO₄ to give a carboxylic acid 'B' and an alcohol 'C.' Oxidation of 'C' with chromic acid also produced 'B.' On dehydration 'C' gives 1-but-ene. Write the equations for the reaction involved.

1) The first step is find out the Degree of Unsaturation (the number of double bonds or the presence of a ring) in the compound. 

The formula is,