Which is the weakest van der Waal force?
There are three types of Van der Waal’s force- Keesom Forces, Debye forces, and London Dispersion forces. Amongst the three types, the London Dispersion forces are the weakest interactions.
Organic Chemistry Questions and Short Answers
Why are Debye Forces called dipole-induced dipole interaction?
Debye intermolecular forces of attraction occur between polar and nonpolar atoms or molecules.
When a polar molecule is in the vicinity of a nonpolar molecule, the electronegative end of that polar molecule attracts the electron cloud of the adjacent nonpolar molecule, thereby distorting it and inducing a pole separation. So, the polar molecule is said to have induced polarity in the neighboring nonpolar molecule.
How are functional groups in organic chemistry classified?
Organic compounds predominantly consist of Carbon and Hydrogen atoms, also known as hydrocarbons. However, most organic compounds also contain other heteroatoms like O, N, S, and halogens as the functional group.
Out of the many ways to classify a structure, the functional group classification based on the attached atoms is listed below.
Why Benzoic acid (benzene carboxylic acid) will not undergo Friedel-Craft Reaction?
We have subjected benzoic acid to Friedel Craft Acylation and Friedel Craft Alkylation Reactions as a substrate and as a reagent to fully understand the specific scenario when it does not undergo Friedel Craft Reactions.
How do polar nonpolar molecules interact? Explain with examples.
A polar molecule has natural poles. Therefore, when next to a nonpolar molecule, it will try to magnetize it temporarily.
The negative end of the polar molecule will repel the nonpolar molecules’ moving electron cloud, or the positive end will attract its electrons, which can contribute to significant distortions. Such a forced activity can induce a temporary pole separation in the nonpolar molecule.
Are nucleophiles always negatively charged?
While nucleophiles donate two electrons in exchange for forming two-electron covalent bonds with the electrophiles, the negative charge due to the two electrons is not obvious in many instances. Neutral molecules like Benzene, water, and ammonia can act as nucleophiles.
A broad way to categorize nucleophiles is as charged or neutral (uncharged).
Why are larger atoms polarizable? What is their effect on the Debye force?
If the size of a nonpolar atom is greater, it means that the atom has a higher number of electron containing orbitals. The outer electrons are away from experiencing the inward attractive pull of the nucleus (nuclear charge) and capable of undergoing electron-cloud distortion or polarization.
What is a Heterolytic bond cleavage?
A covalent bond holding two atoms is made of two electrons. The bond can cleave or break in two ways - equally (homolytic fission) or unequally (heterolytic fission).
A heterolytic bond cleavage results in unequal bond-breaking where one atom in the bond retains both the bond electrons.
What is a carbocation? How to identify carbocation? Explain the types with examples.
A carbocation is a positively charged, electron-deficient carbon atom that acts as a reactive intermediate in many organic reactions.
How to determine the hybridization of C in CH4?
If only valence shells participate in bonding reactions, then Carbon should only form two bonds using its two unpaired electrons. However, Carbon forms four bonds, as seen in CH4, CH3X, H2C=O, and O=C=O molecules. This discrepancy between the number of valence electrons of an atom and the number of bonds it forms (valency) is explained by the hybridization concept, an extension of the Valence Bond (VB) Theory.