Organic Chemistry Podcast - Difference Between Bond Pair, Lone Pair, and Free Radicals
Episode Length
2:10
Episode Number
5
Organic Chemistry
Atomic Number
The Atomic number (symbol Z) uniquely identifies an element and is equal to the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom.
For example, atomic number 6 identifies the Carbon atom with 6 protons in its nucleus. An uncharged Carbon atom will also have 6 electrons in the outer nuclear region, equal to its atomic number.
Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular forces are collective forces in organic chemistry that cause atoms and molecules to stick together and interact; therefore, they are electrostatic in nature. The collective strength of these electrostatic interactions can affect a compound's physical properties, like melting and boiling points, density, refractive index, solubility, and others.
Almost all atoms and molecules interact through intermolecular forces, an inherent property resulting from the presence of electrons.
Filling of atomic orbitals and writing electronic configuration
Learning Objective: To study how the atomic orbitals of an atom are filled, and how the electronic configuration of an atom is written.
Skill Level – Intermediate
Prerequisites:
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What is a homolytic bond cleavage?
If a two-electron covalent bond breaks symmetrically, each of the two atoms receive one electron; it is a homolytic bond cleavage.
A homolytic cleavage is shown using a fish-hook arrow, which implies one-electron movement.
Conformational Analysis - Factors affecting the stability of conformers
Learning Objective: To study the various stabilizing and destabilizing interactions affecting the stability of conformations.
Skill Level - Intermediate
Prerequisites:
Vander Waals Debye (Polar-Nonpolar) Interactions
Learning Objective: To study Vander Waals Debye force, interactions, and the factors affecting their strength.
Skill Level - Intermediate
Prerequisites:
Can alkenes and benzenes act as nucleophiles?
Nucleophiles are electron-rich species that can donate a pair of electrons and form a new covalent bond with an electron-deficient counterpart called the electrophiles. That is why electrophiles are referred to as lovers of electrons.
The nucleophiles donate electrons as lone pairs, pie bonds, or sigma bonds.
Read- What are nucleophiles?
What does R stand for in organic chemistry structures? Its importance.
Carbon's nondiscriminatory nature to form bonds with itself and other elements has led to a wide variety of small and large organic compounds. Carbon-hydrogen compounds called hydrocarbons are mostly inert; however, carbon with other elements (N, O, S, halogen) form functional groups, the reactive part of the molecule. The functional group part of the molecule is where chemical transformations occur. Some organic compounds can have more than one functional group.