The arrangement of groups around a central atom creates its three-dimensional shape. And this shape affects how it interacts with other molecules or ions.
The interactions could be bonding - to form new bonds or nonbonding- affecting the physical properties of solubility, melting point, boiling point, polarity, and more.
| Lewis Base | Nucleophile | Lowry Bronsted Base |
|---|---|---|---|
Nature | Donates Electron Pair to any electron-deficient center. Nucleophiles and Lowry Bronsted bases are Lewis bases. | Donates Electron Pair, mostly forming bonds with carbon. The term is commonly used to describe organic chemistry reactions. |
The substances that on mixing with a suitable dispersion medium readily form a colloidal sol are called lyophilic (solvent loving) and the sols thus formed are known as the lyophilic sols.
The process of heating a solid metal or glass to a specific high temperature and gradual cooling is called annealing. The physical property (strength, elasticity and crystalline property) of a solid can be altered by this method.
When atoms engage to form molecules, they do so by the overlap of atomic orbitals, creating a bigger molecular orbital that now encompasses more than one atom of a molecule.
Did you know that, back in the 1900s, it was believed that a hook and a loop type of closure was the covalent bond responsible for holding atoms in a molecule? Interesting, right?
If a two-electron covalent bond breaks symmetrically, each of the two atoms receive one electron; it is a homolytic bond cleavage.
A homolytic cleavage is shown using a fish-hook arrow, which implies one-electron movement.