Most probable kinetic energy is the energy possessed by the maximum number of reactant molecules at a temperature T, and it is shown as a peak on the Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution graph (fraction of molecules versus Kinetic energy).
Lone pair is a set of electrons present in an atom’s valence shell that did not participate in any bond-formation reaction. Since they refuse to bond with the other atoms, they are also called the non-bonding electrons. While drawing the molecules’ structure, the lone pair electrons on shown as dots (..) above the atom.
Ion is different from an atom since an atom is an electrically neutral specie with an equal number of positive protons and negative electrons.
The dipole moment, a product of charge difference (q) and the distance (d) between the centres of positive and negative charges (µ = q x d), is also directional. The direction is indicated by an arrowhead, which points towards the most electronegative atom, representing the direction of the dipole moment.
Certain conventions are used to represent three-dimensional structures of organic molecules on paper. Using simple lines, solid (dark), and dashed wedges, a 3D image of a molecule can be perceived on two-dimensional paper.
A metallic solid is made of many metal atoms composed of kernels and electrons, the positive kernels held in arrays while the negative electrons float around them, at the same time, attracted to each other due to their opposite electrostatic nature and engaged in bonding known as the metallic bond.
Pre-Requisite Reading: Nucleophiles, Electrophiles
Learning Objective: To learn the two different ways a free radical reacts and the mechanism it undergoes.
Skill Level - Intermediate
Prerequisites:
Learning Objective: To learn about the three ways carbanion intermediates are generated.
Skill Level - Intermediate
Prerequisites: