Organic Chemistry Questions and Short Answers

The strength of polar-nonpolar interactions is affected by the atomic size of the nonpolar atom (or molecule) and the electronegativity of the polar molecule. 

A molecule is said to be polar if the bond electrons between the atoms in a covalent bond are unequally distributed, creating two ends. The electron redistribution is marked by showing the separation of charges as a partial charge above the atom's symbol. Therefore, a polar molecule always has a positive and a negative end resulting in a dipole. The pulling of bond electrons by an atom is attributed to its electronegativity.

A radical reaction usually happens in three steps- Initiation (creation of free radicals), Propagation (multiplication and growth of radical reaction), and Termination (stopping of the free radical reaction).

Radical inhibitors are chemical species that inhibit radical reactions by halting the chain propagation step.

Examples of such inhibitors are Hydroquinone, BHT (2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol), etc.

The discovery of isomerism marked the advent of structural chemistry, where it became significantly important to establish structural formulas, welcome the abundance of structurally diverse compounds, classify them, and study their individual properties and impacts.

The molecule H₂N-NH₂, also known as hydrazine, each Nitrogen atom has 3 bond pairs (two N-H and one N-N bonds) and one lone pair. So, the steric number of each Nitrogen atom is,

steric number=number of bond pairs + number of lone pairs

steric number=3 + 1 = 4

Several characteristic properties of the metals are due to the nature of the metallic bond. Some unique properties include- 

1. High Melting and Boiling points: 

Van der Waals forces are weak intermolecular attractive forces that occur in polar and nonpolar atoms or molecules due to the shift in their electron positions.

The electrons shift to form electron-dense and electron-deficient poles. Some poles are permanent due to the nature of the atom in a molecule, while others are induced poles. 

There are three types of Van der Waal’s forces: Keesom Forces, Debye forces, and London Dispersion forces.