Branched alkyl chlorides (20 or 3o) cannot be used as a reagent in FC acylation reaction. The branched alkyl chlorides on forming acylium ion undergo the loss of CO to create a stable alkyl cation. The 20 or 3o alkyl cation reacts with benzene to form alkyl benzene.
The drawbacks of Friedel Craft Alkylation, such as polyalkylation and rearrangements, are overcome by FC Acylation Reaction.
Pre-Requisite Reading: What is electronegativity?
Carbon and Hydrogen do not have any significant electronegativity difference (< 0.5) and can form long chains of neutral hydrocarbon compounds like Butane, Pentane, Hexane, Heptane, Octane, etc.
The stability order of different alkene substitution patterns is measured by comparing their heat of hydrogenations (denoted as ∆Ho) in kJ/mole or kcal/mol.
Alkene is a double bond containing hydrocarbon compound. Since the hydrocarbon compounds can be short or long chained, the double bond's position could be anywhere along the hydrocarbon chain.
Alkenes are double bonds containing molecules. These double bonds are called pie bonds and are made up of two electrons. Due to the presence of the pie electron cloud, alkenes are electron-rich species and interact with electron-deficient species, the electrophiles. The reaction between alkenes and the electrophiles is an addition reaction.
Sharing resources is essential to build a harmonious world. When the resources are shared ineffectively conflicts emerges. A similar principle extends to Chemistry.
Atoms are in a state of harmony when the neighbouring atoms shares electrons. When the sharing stops, Chemical reactions triggers.
The imbalance in sharing electrons influences the molecule’s polarity, reactivity, and physical properties. The disagreement on sharing is brought about by electronegativity.
Electrophiles love electrons, and without them, they become unstable. And to reach a stable state, the electrophiles accept electrons from electron-rich nucleophiles.
Therefore, the electrophiles are electron-deficient species and acceptors of electrons.
Pre-requisite: Nuclear charge, Valence electrons
Stovetop cooking routinely requires cast iron or aluminium pans but never a glass pan or a pan made of silicon. That’s because the glass pan will shatter at high temperatures, and the silicon pan will burn away.