A type of electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that introduces an alkyl group (-R) in the arene ring, giving alkyl arenes.
The reacting species are usually but not always- benzene ring (substituted or unsubstituted), an alkyl halide and a Lewis Acid catalyst like AlCl3.
London Dispersion forces are seen in all the atoms and the molecules; however, it is the exclusive force binding nonpolar molecules. Nonpolar molecules are made of two or more atoms, and the electronegativity between two atoms in a covalent bond is less than 0.5. Therefore, no charges are separated to create poles in nonpolar molecules or atoms. Despite not having poles, nonpolar molecules interact using a weak force of attraction known as the London Forces.
Lone pair is a set of electrons present in an atom’s valence shell that did not participate in a covalent bond formation reaction; therefore, they are also called the non-bonding electrons.
While drawing the molecules’ structure, the lone pair electrons on shown as dots (..) above the atom.
The regular, periodic arrangement of atoms, ions or molecules at the lattice points of a crystal in a three-dimensional space is called the space lattice or the crystal lattice.
The strength of polar-nonpolar interactions is affected by the atomic size of the nonpolar atom (or molecule) and the electronegativity of the polar molecule.
Learning Objective: To study the importance of conformational analysis in organic chemistry.
Skill Level - Intermediate
Chapter: Stereochemistry
Sub-topic: Conformational Isomerism
Learning Objective: To learn with examples the application of ion-dipole interactions in our daily lives.
Skill Level - Intermediate
Chapter: Intermolecular Forces
